Anxiety is characterized by symptoms as pervasive nervousness, panic or uneasiness sometimes manifesting as physical symptoms like sweating and a rapid heartbeat.

It is natural to feel anxious especially after witnessing a difficult event as an accident or before an examination or a job interview. Anxiety as a natural response to stress often helps one focus but when that feeling of anxiety is prolonged, extending for over six months and interfering with one’s life, it could signal an anxiety disorder.

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All of us have days where we feel down or dejected but being sad is not the same as having depression. Depression is a common but serious mental illness characterized by a low mood that is persistent, lasts a long time, and interferes with one’s daily life.

Depression, especially when recurrent or occurring with moderate or severe intensity, is a serious health condition unlike usual mood fluctuations or emotional responses to situations, Depression results in feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities that one enjoyed, and in its most severe form, could lead to suicidal thoughts. Depression affects the ability of a person to participate in daily life, affecting their functioning at the workplace, school, or at home.

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All of us experience grief either in response to the death of a loved one or other life events that result in feelings of loss. Bereavement refers to the period when a person experiences grief and goes through mourning following the death of a loved one. Anticipatory grief refers to the experience in anticipation of an expected loss.

Grief can be extremely painful. A person experiencing grief in the aftermath of a loss can experience a number of emotions such as extreme sadness, guilt, anger or anxiety. Grief can affect not just our emotional wellbeing, but our physical health as well. It is normal to feel a loss of appetite, feel tired and disrupted sleep patterns.

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Emotional distress is experienced by most people when faced with a sudden adverse event as losing someone close or ongoing difficulties such as conflicts in a relationship at home or with difficulties faced at work or school. One can experience emotional distress at any time, and it is usually temporary.

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Self-esteem is a person’s overall sense of self-worth. A person with high self-esteem believes that they are a good person, are able to recognize their good qualities, and strive for a happy and successful life, persons with low self-esteem experience negative feelings about themselves.

People with low self-esteem assign little value to their opinions and ideas, constantly worrying if they are good enough. When people have little self-esteem, it could prevent them from fulfilling their potential, or lead to them becoming depressed or tolerating abusive relationships and situations. Poor self-esteem may also lead to addiction problems, with addicts using substances such as alcohol and drugs to help deal with the negative feelings they experience.

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Anger is a normal and healthy emotion. We all experience anger and it is a natural response to threat. However, anger becomes an issue when a person cannot control it leading to actions that can later cause regret.

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